Moral & Character Development
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In the context of moral development in children, which of the following key characteristics are included under the 'Post-Conventional Morality' stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
- 1. At this level, an individual's moral decisions are independent of external social rules or authority, and the individual determines right or wrong based on their own conscience and universal ethical principles.
- 2. Under the 'Social Contract and Individual Rights' stage belonging to this level, an individual understands that laws are created for social welfare, and if any law violates human rights, it can be modified.
- 3. The final stage of this level is the 'Universal Ethical Principles Orientation', where an individual acts not for external punishment or praise, but due to commitment to their internal conscience and universal principles of justice, human rights, and equality.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
In the third and highest level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, known as 'Post-Conventional Morality' (spanning from about 13 years to adulthood), an individual's moral values become internalized.
- Statement 1 is correct because moral decisions at this stage are free from external social pressure and are based on personal conscience and universal principles.
- Statement 2 is correct because in the 'Social Contract Orientation' (Stage 5), individuals understand that laws are flexible agreements that can be changed if they conflict with societal welfare or fundamental rights.
- Statement 3 is completely true because in the 'Universal Ethical Principles Orientation' (Stage 6), individuals act according to their internal voice of conscience and universal standards of justice, even if it goes against specific laws.
Therefore, all three statements are correct.
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