Moral & Character Development
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In the context of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, which of the following are specific characteristics of the final stage of 'Post-Conventional Morality', namely 'Universal Ethical Principle Orientation'?
- 1. At this level, a person's moral judgments are not based on any external social rule, law, or authority, but on self-chosen moral principles directed by universal ideas of justice, human rights, and mutual respect.
- 2. The individual considers law and order as absolute truth and believes that laws must be strictly followed in every circumstance to run society smoothly, no matter how unjust they may be.
- 3. In this stage, the individual is accountable to the voice of their conscience, and if any social law goes against human dignity or the principles of universal justice, they possess the moral capacity to peacefully protest against such a law.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
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Detailed Explanation
Under the third and final level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, 'Post-Conventional Morality', stage 6 is called 'Universal Ethical Principle Orientation'. The main feature of this stage is that an individual's moral decisions are independent of external social pressures or laws and are based on self-chosen universal ethical principles (such as justice, equality, and human rights). Statements 1 and 3 are absolutely correct because at this level a person is bound by their conscience and has the moral courage to stand against unjust laws. In contrast, statement 2 is a characteristic of the fourth stage 'Law and Order Orientation' of the 'Conventional Level', not of universal ethical conscience. Therefore, only statements 1 and 3 are correct.
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