Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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In the context of the ancient Indian education system and Vedic teaching tradition, consider the following statements:
- 1. In the Vedic period, education began with the 'Upanayana Sanskara', under which children (Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishya) aged 8 to 12 years were admitted to the Acharya's gurukul and were called 'Brahmachari'.
- 2. 'Nalanda University', famous as a major center of higher education in ancient India, was established by Kumaragupta I, the ruler of the Gupta dynasty, where higher education in medical science and logic along with Mahayana Buddhism was imparted and which was later destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji.
- 3. There was a complete lack of women's education in the Vedic period and they were not given the right to study Vedas or Upanayana Sanskara of any kind, due to which learned women like Gargi, Maitreyi, and Apala are not mentioned in ancient Vedas or Upanishads.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
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Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because education in the Vedic period started with the Upanayana Sanskara, in which boys aged 8 years (Brahmin), 11 years (Kshatriya), and 12 years (Vaishya) were sent to Gurukul. Statement 2 is also correct that Nalanda University was established by the Gupta ruler Kumaragupta I, which was a great center of Buddhism (especially Mahayana) and was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji in the late 12th century. Statement 3 is incorrect because women had the right to education in the Vedic period; Upanayana Sanskara also took place for women (Sadyovadhu and Brahmavadini), and scholars like Gargi, Maitreyi, Apala, and Lopamudra composed Vedic hymns.
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