Child Nutrition & Health
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Consider the following statements regarding 'Ecological Succession' and 'Trophic Levels' within an ecosystem:
- 1. Primary succession begins in a bare area where no life previously existed (such as newly formed lava or bare rock), and the community that establishes first in this process is called the 'Climax Community'.
- 2. Lindeman's '10% Law' states that only 10 percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, while the remaining 90 percent of energy is lost as heat during respiration, temperature, and metabolic activities.
- 3. Under 'Biomagnification', the concentration of toxic substances (such as DDT or mercury) through the food chain progressively decreases at each higher trophic level, making the amount of these chemicals lowest in top consumers.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect because the community that establishes first in primary succession is called a 'pioneer community', not a 'climax community'. The climax community is the final and stable stage of succession. Statement 2 is completely correct; according to Raymond Lindeman's 10 percent law, only 10% of energy reaches from one trophic level to the next. Statement 3 is incorrect because in 'biomagnification', the concentration of toxic substances does not decrease but 'increases' at each higher trophic level, resulting in the highest concentration in top carnivores.
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