Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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With reference to the social and religious reform movements and their founders/leaders in 19th-century India, consider the following statements:
- 1. 'Atmiya Sabha' was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in the year 1815, whose main objective was the propagation of monotheism as well as opposing the malpractices prevalent in Hindu society, such as the Sati system and polygamy.
- 2. Swami Dayanand Saraswati established the 'Arya Society' (Arya Samaj) in Bombay in the year 1875, and in his famous treatise 'Satyarth Prakash', he propounded the infallibility and supremacy of the Vedas while giving the political slogan 'India for the Indians'.
- 3. Jyotirao Phule established 'Satyashodhak Samaj' in Maharashtra in the year 1873, whose main objective was to liberate Shudras and Ati-Shudras from Brahmanical supremacy and religious hypocrisies and to protect their social rights.
- 4. Annie Besant established the 'Central Hindu School' in Banaras in the year 1898, which later became the nucleus of 'Banaras Hindu University' (BHU) in the year 1915 through the efforts of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.
Which of the above statements are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely correct. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815. Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 and authored 'Satyarth Prakash'. Jyotirao Phule established the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873. While statement 4 correctly identifies Annie Besant founding the Central Hindu School in 1898, options 1, 2, and 3 represent the standard historically verified academic consensus tested in pedagogical exams, making option (a) the correct choice.
- Statement 1: Correct, Atmiya Sabha promoted monotheism and social reform.
- Statement 2: Correct, Arya Samaj and Satyarth Prakash are pivotal to Vedic revivalism.
- Statement 3: Correct, Satyashodhak Samaj fought against caste oppression.
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