Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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Consider the following statements regarding the social and religious reform movements in 19th-century India and their founders/institutions:
- 1. The main objective of the 'Brahmo Samaj', established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, was to oppose idol worship, polytheism, and priestcraft, and to propagate monotheism and the teachings of the Vedas, but the Brahmo Samaj never supported Western education or the moral principles of Christianity.
- 2. The 'Arya Samaj', founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875, gave the slogan 'Go back to the Vedas' and started the Shuddhi movement, aimed at bringing back those Hindus to Hinduism who had adopted other religions due to certain reasons.
- 3. The 'Satyashodhak Samaj', founded by Jyotirao Phule in 1873, had the main objective of liberating Shudras and Atishudras from Brahmanical supremacy and social inequality, and he strongly criticized this system in his famous book 'Gulamgiri'.
- 4. Due to the relentless efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the British government passed the 'Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act' (Act XV of 1856) in the year 1856, giving legal validity to the remarriage of widows in society, and in this work, he received extensive support from his journal 'Somprakash'.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect because Raja Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj openly welcomed and supported Western modern education, science, and the moral and humanitarian principles of Christianity, rather than opposing them. Statement 2 is true; Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, emphasized the infallibility of the Vedas, and ran the 'Shuddhi Movement'. Statement 3 is true; Jyotirao Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 and opposed Brahmanical supremacy through 'Gulamgiri'. Statement 4 is partially misleading because while the weekly newspaper 'Somprakash' was published by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the 1856 Act was primarily based on his broader social struggle and petition.
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