Education Commissions, Committees & Policies
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Consider the following statements regarding the development of modern education in India and colonial educational policies:
- 1. Wood's Despatch of 1854 is called the Magna Carta of Indian education, under which the establishment of universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras was recommended on the model of the University of London and special emphasis was laid on women's education.
- 2. The main objective of the 'Indian Universities Act, 1904' passed during the tenure of Lord Curzon was to tighten government control over universities and establish a majority of government-nominated members by reducing the number of senate members.
- 3. The 'Calcutta University Commission' (Sadler University Commission) constituted in 1917-19 recommended separating intermediate classes from universities after reforming secondary education and making school education 12 years.
- 4. The Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937), prepared by the Zakir Hussain Committee, had the main objective of providing higher education through the English medium and making industrial technical training compulsory.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are completely true. Wood's Despatch of 1854, the Indian Universities Act of 1904, and the Sadler Commission of 1917 are important milestones in the history of Indian education. However, statement 4 is false because the main objective of the 1937 Wardha Scheme (Basic Education) was to provide free and compulsory education in the mother tongue at the primary level and education based on handicraft (skill training), not higher education through the English medium.
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With reference to the development of modern education in India and the related historical acts and commissions, consider the following statements:
1. The 'Wood's Despatch' of 1854, often called the 'Magna Carta of English Education in India', recommended the establishment of universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras on the model of the University of London, and placed special emphasis on women's education and vocational training.
2. The main objective of the 'Hunter Education Commission' formed in 1882 was to review the progress of primary education, and it recommended handing over the responsibility of control and financing of primary education to local bodies (Municipalities and District Boards).
3. The 'Indian Universities Act' of 1904 was passed during the tenure of Lord Curzon, with the objective of increasing the number of Senate members in universities and giving them a democratic character to ensure greater autonomy in higher education.
4. The 'Sergeant Plan' of 1944, also known as the 'Post-War Educational Development Plan', aimed to provide free and compulsory primary education for children aged 6 to 14 years and to achieve a level of literacy in the country comparable to that of Britain within 40 years.
Which of the statements given above are completely correct?
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