Mental Health & Stress
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With reference to various organs, tissues, and their microscopic study (Histology & Organ Systems) in the human body, consider the following statements:
- 1. The functional unit of the human liver is the 'hepatic lobule', surrounded by Kupffer cells which are phagocytic in nature and engulf dead red blood cells and bacteria from the blood.
- 2. Malpighian corpuscles, comprising Bowman's capsule and glomerulus, are located in the cortex region of the kidney, while the Loop of Henle mostly extends deep into the medulla region.
- 3. In the human eye, the 'iris' controls the entry of light by adjusting the size of the pupil, and the 'cone cells' found on the retina are responsible for dim-light or night vision, whereas 'rod cells' help in seeing colors and in bright light.
- 4. Gaseous exchange inside the lungs occurs via diffusion through the thin squamous epithelium of microscopic alveoli, whose inner surface is coated with a phospholipid called 'pulmonary surfactant', which reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Analysis of the statements in this question:
1. Statement 1 is true: The structural and functional unit of the liver is the hepatic lobule, containing macrophage-like Kupffer cells that engulf harmful bacteria and dead cells.
2. Statement 2 is true: The renal cortex contains the Malpighian corpuscle, while the loop of Henle goes deep into the renal medulla, playing an important role in urine concentration.
3. Statement 3 is false: In the human eye, 'rod cells' are responsible for dim light (scotopic vision) and 'cone cells' for bright light and color recognition (photopic vision), which is reversed in the statement.
4. Statement 4 is true: The presence of surfactant in the alveoli is essential as it reduces surface tension so that the lungs can easily expand and contract during respiration.
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