Education Commissions, Committees & Policies
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With reference to the development of modern education in India and the related historical acts and commissions, consider the following statements:
- 1. The 'Wood's Despatch' of 1854, often called the 'Magna Carta of English Education in India', recommended the establishment of universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras on the model of the University of London, and placed special emphasis on women's education and vocational training.
- 2. The main objective of the 'Hunter Education Commission' formed in 1882 was to review the progress of primary education, and it recommended handing over the responsibility of control and financing of primary education to local bodies (Municipalities and District Boards).
- 3. The 'Indian Universities Act' of 1904 was passed during the tenure of Lord Curzon, with the objective of increasing the number of Senate members in universities and giving them a democratic character to ensure greater autonomy in higher education.
- 4. The 'Sergeant Plan' of 1944, also known as the 'Post-War Educational Development Plan', aimed to provide free and compulsory primary education for children aged 6 to 14 years and to achieve a level of literacy in the country comparable to that of Britain within 40 years.
Which of the statements given above are completely correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Explanation
To determine the correct statements regarding the history of modern education in India, let's analyze each option:
- Statement 1 is correct: Wood's Despatch (1854) is termed the Magna Carta of Indian education. It recommended establishing universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras (founded in 1857) and promoted female and vocational education.
- Statement 2 is correct: The Hunter Commission (1882) focused primarily on reviewing the growth of primary education and recommended transferring its control and financing to local municipal and district boards.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: The Indian Universities Act of 1904, enacted under Lord Curzon, actually aimed to reduce university autonomy, tighten government control, and downsize the Senate rather than democratize it.
- Statement 4 is correct: The Sergeant Plan (1944) proposed free, universal compulsory education for children aged 6–14 and aimed to overhaul Indian education to match British literacy standards over forty years.
Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 4 are completely correct, making Option A the right choice.
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