Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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In the context of learning theories in educational psychology, a subtle yet fundamental philosophical distinction exists between Edward Thorndike's 'Trial and Error' theory and B. F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning' theory. Which of the following statements most accurately explains this core difference in their operating mechanisms?
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Detailed Explanation
In Thorndike's 'Trial and Error' theory (S-R theory), the stimulus exists beforehand and the organism responds to it, which is also referred to as 'Type S' conditioning. In contrast, B. F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning' (or 'Type R' conditioning) is based on the premise that the organism actively exhibits operant behavior within its environment, and the consequences of its response (reinforcement or punishment) determine its future behavior.
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