Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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When conducting a detailed analysis of Edward Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory' and B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning Theory' in the psychology of learning, which of the following statements is most appropriate and scientifically true regarding the fundamental and functional differences between Thorndike's Stimulus-Response (S-R) mechanism and Skinner's Response-Stimulus (R-S) mechanism?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Analysis of Learning Theories
In Thorndike's Trial and Error theory, the Stimulus (S) comes first and the organism makes a Response (R) to it, establishing an S-R bond. This is often associated with 'Type S' conditioning.
Conversely, in Skinner's Operant Conditioning, the organism emits a Response (R) first (operates on the environment), and the Stimulus (S) or reinforcer follows, which determines the future probability of that behavior (R-S paradigm or Type R conditioning).
- Thorndike (S-R Model): Environment presents stimulus, organism responds.
- Skinner (R-S Model): Organism acts/operates, environmental consequence follows.
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