Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Upon a detailed comparative analysis of various learning theories—Thorndike's Trial and Error, Pavlov's Classical Conditioning, and Skinner's Operant Conditioning—which of the following statements most accurately and scientifically defines the learning mechanism and philosophical basis of these three theories?
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Detailed Explanation
The fundamental difference among Thorndike's laws of learning, Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning, and B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning lies in their learning mechanisms. Thorndike emphasized 'Trial and Error' and the law of effect. In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the response is elicited by a conditioned stimulus associated with an unconditioned stimulus. In contrast, Skinner's operant conditioning is based on the R-S (Response-Stimulus) paradigm, where the organism acts actively and reinforcement increases the probability of that response occurring.
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