Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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An in-depth psychological analysis of Thorndike's 'Law of Readiness', stimulus substitution in Pavlov's 'Classical Conditioning', and schedules of reinforcement in Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning' reveals which of the following statements most authentically explains the philosophical and functional differences among these three theories?
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Detailed Explanation
Thorndike's trial and error theory primarily emphasizes strengthening connections in the nervous system through the 'law of effect' and 'law of readiness'. Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning theory is based on the S-S (Stimulus-Stimulus) model where a natural stimulus is replaced by an unconditioned stimulus and the response is involuntary. In contrast, B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning is based on the R-S (Response-Stimulus) model, where the organism actively emits responses and the consequences (reinforcement) determine its future behavior.
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