Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Upon a micro-psychological analysis of Thorndike's Law of Effect in Connectionism, Ivan Pavlov's Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery in Classical Conditioning, and B.F. Skinner's Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning, which of the following statements most authoritatively explains the fundamental and functional differences among these three theories?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to Thorndike's Connectionism, learning occurs through the establishment of bonds between stimulus and response (S-R Bond), where the 'Law of Effect' highlights satisfying consequences. Classical Conditioning proposed by Ivan Pavlov involves Stimulus-Stimulus (S-S) association where the response is involuntary (Respondent). In contrast, B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning operates on voluntary (Operant) behaviors which are controlled by consequences and reinforcement.
- Thorndike: Focuses on S-R bonds and satisfaction (Law of Effect).
- Pavlov: Focuses on S-S association and involuntary respondent behavior.
- Skinner: Focuses on voluntary operant behavior shaped by reinforcement schedules.
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