Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B. F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning Theory', a central concept is 'Shaping', which is defined as a complex psychological technique of successive approximation. When an organism or student is unable to directly exhibit a complex or new desired behavior, each small and progressively closer behavior moving toward that complex ultimate goal is immediately reinforced to gradually establish or shape the final complex behavior. Regarding its psychological implications and scientific management of complex skill acquisition, behavior modification, and systematic learning in classroom teaching, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
In B. F. Skinner's operant conditioning, 'Shaping' is the process that employs the method of 'Successive Approximations'.
Key Mechanism
- The teacher or experimenter provides reinforcement for every small, corrective, and proximate step displayed by the student along the path toward the ultimate goal of complex behavior.
- This enables students to learn complex skills smoothly without becoming discouraged.
Therefore, option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid statement regarding classroom application.
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