Gestalt & Insight Learning
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Upon a thorough analysis of the experiments conducted by the Gestalt psychologist Wolfgang Köhler on a chimpanzee named Sultan and his 'Insight Learning Theory', which fundamental characteristic of this theory defines the learning process distinctively in comparison to Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory'?
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Detailed Explanation
According to Gestalt psychologists (such as Köhler, Koffka, and Wertheimer), learning or problem-solving does not occur through mechanical 'trial and error', but rather through sudden 'insight'.
Key Concept:
- Insight Learning: The organism perceives the total situation comprehensively rather than in isolation and reorganizes its cognitive field.
- Comparison: Unlike Thorndike's gradual stamping-in of connections, Köhler's theory emphasizes immediate restructuring of the perceptual field.
Therefore, option B accurately contrasts the insight learning theory with the trial and error theory.
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