Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, 'Shaping' is defined as the method of successive approximations where complex, new, or unconditioned behaviors are not acquired directly, but rather formed by reinforcing small successive steps leading toward the desired final goal. Regarding its actual psychological implications and scientific management of complex skill acquisition, remedial teaching, and positive behavior modification in classroom instruction, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Skinner's Shaping Principle in Child Development and Pedagogy
According to B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, Shaping (or method of successive approximations) is a core concept used to establish behaviors that are not currently in an organism's repertoire.
- Method of Successive Approximations: Instead of expecting the final complex behavior instantly, every small step moving closer to the target behavior is systematically reinforced.
- Classroom Application: It is highly effective in special education, complex skill acquisition, and shaping positive behavior modification by breaking down tasks into manageable sub-skills.
Therefore, option (b) provides the most scientifically accurate description of shaping.
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