Transfer of Learning, Curve & Plateau
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In the context of 'Transfer of Learning', according to psychologist Edward C. Tolman's theory of 'Cognitive Mapping' and learning, when a learner applies previously acquired knowledge, rules, or skills to solve a completely different or novel complex problem by deeply understanding the interrelations and mental structures (Schema) of that situation, how is this high-level transfer of learning classified from Tolman's perspective?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
Edward C. Tolman proposed the theory of 'Sign-Gestalt Learning' or 'Cognitive Mapping'. According to him, an organism does not learn merely on the basis of Stimulus-Response (S-R), but creates mental maps of the environment.
- Cognitive Mapping: Learners form a holistic internal representation or cognitive map of their environment rather than just memorizing isolated facts.
- Latent Learning: Learning can occur without immediate reinforcement and remains latent (hidden) until a specific motivation or need arises to use it.
- Transfer: When a learner uses this internally organized cognitive structure in novel situations by understanding underlying relationships, it is classified as Latent or Cognitive Field Transfer.
Therefore, Option c is the correct answer.
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