Moral & Character Development
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In the context of the 'Theory of Moral Development' proposed by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, which of the following is the most distinct and scientific characteristic of the second stage—namely 'Universal Ethical Principle Orientation'—falling under the 'Post-Conventional Morality Level'?
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Detailed Explanation
Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is extremely significant for Teacher Eligibility Tests (TET). The theory consists of three main levels: Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional.
- Post-Conventional Level: This highest level represents moral reasoning based on self-chosen ethical principles.
- Universal Ethical Principle Orientation: As the final and sixth stage overall, individuals define right and wrong based on self-chosen ethical principles of conscience that are comprehensive, universal, and consistent (such as human rights, justice, and equality).
- Key Characteristic: At this stage, abstract reasoning prevails. If society's laws violate these universal principles, the individual believes the laws should be disobeyed in favor of higher ethical standards.
Therefore, option (b) provides the most accurate description of this concept.
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