Intelligence: Concept & Theories
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According to Charles Spearman's 'Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence', which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the true psychological characteristics of the general mental ability or 'g-factor' and specific mental abilities or 's-factor', along with their relative impact on cognitive transfer and learning of diverse subjects in classroom teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
Charles Spearman (1904) proposed the 'Two-Factor Theory' of intelligence. According to him, every intellectual activity involves two types of factors:
- General Factor (g-factor): It is an individual's innate, universal, and general mental energy, which is used in varying amounts across all types of intellectual and mental tasks in life. It cannot be altered or increased.
- Specific Factor (s-factor): It is acquired, trained, and related to specific domains (such as music, mathematics, mechanics, etc.), which can be developed through practice and the environment.
Option (a) most accurately describes the scientific and psychological characteristics of both these factors.
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