Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B. F. Skinner's theory of Operant Conditioning, the concept of 'Shaping' (Principle of Successive Approximations)—whereby a complex, novel, or undesired behavior is transformed into the desired target behavior through the systematic provision of reinforcement—relates to its actual psychological implications and the scientific management of student complex skill acquisition, positive reinforcement management, and behavior modification in classroom instruction. Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
B. F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning emphasizes 'learning by doing' and the law of effect. 'Shaping' or the 'Method of Successive Approximations' is a crucial technique where, instead of directly achieving a complex target behavior, small and gradual improvements in that direction are reinforced to ultimately establish the desired behavior.
- Mechanism: Breaking down complex behaviors into manageable steps.
- Reinforcement: Rewarding successive approximations to guide the learner toward the final target behavior.
- Application: Highly effective in classroom instruction, skill acquisition, and behavior modification.
Therefore, Option B accurately describes the psychological and educational validity of shaping.
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