Thorndike: Trial and Error
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Under Edward Thorndike's Connectionism or Trial and Error Theory, the concept of the 'Law of Effect'—where satisfying outcomes or rewards strengthen a response with a stimulus, while unsatisfactory or painful outcomes weaken that bond—relates to its real psychological implications and classroom instruction regarding student reinforcement, motivation management, and scientific guidance of satisfactory learning pathways. Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Correct Option Explanation
Option (b) is correct because Thorndike's Law of Effect posits that responses followed by pleasant or satisfying consequences are firmly stamped into the nervous system (strengthening the S-R bond), while those followed by discomfort are weakened. This forms the foundational basis for modern reinforcement theories in educational psychology.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
- Option (a) is incorrect because the Law of Effect remains foundational for behavior modification and instrumental conditioning in contemporary classrooms.
- Option (c) misinterprets reinforcement theory by suggesting complete avoidance of rewards, which contradicts the fundamental principle of positive reinforcement.
- Option (d) is incorrect because the law applies universally across basic motor skill acquisition and complex cognitive learning alike.
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