Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
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With reference to the social and religious reform movements and their founders/thinkers in India during the 19th century, consider the following statements:
- 1. The main objective of the 'Atmiya Sabha' established in 1815 and the 'Brahmo Samaj' established in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy was to oppose social evils such as idol worship, polytheism, and the practice of Sati, and to propagate monotheism.
- 2. Swami Vivekananda established the 'Ramakrishna Mission' in 1897, the sole purpose of which was religious propaganda, and it had nothing to do with social service, humanitarian work, or the spread of education.
- 3. Jyotirao Phule established the 'Satyashodhak Samaj' in 1873, through which he strongly opposed Brahminical supremacy, untouchability, and caste inequality, while fighting for the rights of Shudras and Ati-Shudras.
- 4. It was due to the relentless efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar that the 'Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act' was passed by the British government in the year
- 5.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
To evaluate the given statements about 19th-century social and religious reform movements:
- Statement 1 is correct: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha (1815) and Brahmo Samaj (1828) to eradicate social evils like idolatry, polytheism, and Sati while promoting monotheism.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The Ramakrishna Mission (1897) founded by Swami Vivekananda focused heavily on social service, humanitarian relief, and education alongside spiritual teachings, not just religious propaganda.
- Statement 3 is correct: Jyotirao Phule established the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 to challenge caste oppression and advocate for marginalized communities.
- Statement 4 is correct: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar played a pivotal role in the enactment of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856.
Therefore, statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct.
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