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Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
Asked 2 months ago · Viewed 3,704 times
हिन्दी English

With regard to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, which of the following pairs correctly represents the classification of 'Deficiency Needs' (D-Needs) and 'Growth Needs' (B-Needs) as proposed by him?

Detailed Explanation

In Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of human motivation, the first four levels—physiological needs, safety needs, social/belongingness needs, and esteem needs—are termed 'Deficiency Needs' (D-Needs) because their absence produces tension and a sense of deprivation in an individual. Conversely, the highest level of the hierarchy, 'Self-Actualization', is called a 'Growth Need' (B-Need), which directs an individual's inner potential and psychological growth.

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Related Questions

→ In the context of Abraham Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs Theory', which of the following levels was NOT included by Maslow in the category of 'Deficiency Needs' (D-needs), but rather forms part of the 'Growth Need' (B-need)? → According to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, if a person's physiological (biological) needs and safety needs have been fulfilled, which of the following primary psychological needs will emerge next in the hierarchy and motivate the individual? → Regarding the social and cultural awakening of the 19th century, consider the following statements concerning the works and organizations of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, and Jyotirao Phule: 1. The 'Brahmo Samaj', established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, strongly opposed idol worship, polytheism, and caste rigidities, while placing special emphasis on modernization by supporting Western liberal education, science, and freedom of the press. 2. Swami Vivekananda established the 'Ramakrishna Mission' in 1897, whose main objective was solely to propagate religious rituals, and he never prioritized social service or humanitarian works to popularize Vedanta philosophy in the western world. 3. The 'Satyashodhak Samaj', established by Jyotirao Phule in 1873, fought for the rights of Shudras and Ati-Shudras against Brahminical dominance and social inequality, and strongly criticized the caste system through his famous book 'Gulamgiri'. 4. As a result of the tireless efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the British government passed the 'Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act' (Act XV of 1856), giving legal validity to the remarriage of widows in society. Which of the above statement(s) is/are true? → With reference to the social and religious reform movements and their founders/thinkers in India during the 19th century, consider the following statements: 1. The main objective of the 'Atmiya Sabha' established in 1815 and the 'Brahmo Samaj' established in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy was to oppose social evils such as idol worship, polytheism, and the practice of Sati, and to propagate monotheism. 2. Swami Vivekananda established the 'Ramakrishna Mission' in 1897, the sole purpose of which was religious propaganda, and it had nothing to do with social service, humanitarian work, or the spread of education. 3. Jyotirao Phule established the 'Satyashodhak Samaj' in 1873, through which he strongly opposed Brahminical supremacy, untouchability, and caste inequality, while fighting for the rights of Shudras and Ati-Shudras. 4. It was due to the relentless efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar that the 'Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act' was passed by the British government in the year 1856. Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true? → According to Carl Rogers' Humanistic Approach and Experiential Learning Theory, the concept of 'Significant Experiential Learning'—where learning occurs when subject matter is perceived as relevant to the student's personal inquiry, problems, and self-initiated experiences, and the teacher acts merely as a 'facilitator' rather than a traditional provider of knowledge—which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding its real psychological implications and the scientific management of students' self-directed learning, emotional engagement, and personal autonomy in classroom instruction? → In Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, the 'Esteem Needs' that immediately precede the state of well-being and 'Self-Actualization' are psychologically divided into two sub-categories. Which of the following options most accurately represents these two sub-categories?
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