Transfer of Learning, Curve & Plateau
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In the context of 'Transfer of Learning', according to the 'Theory of Identical Elements' proposed by psychologist E. L. Thorndike, if knowledge or skill learned in one situation acts as a complete obstacle and exerts a negative influence on learning in another situation, which of the following represents the most accurate scientific explanation of this process under Thorndike's theory and modern cognitive perspectives?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Transfer of Learning
E.L. Thorndike proposed the Theory of Identical Elements, which states that transfer of learning from one situation to another occurs to the extent that the two situations share common elements, habits, or procedures.
- Negative Transfer: When these shared elements or previously learned habits work in opposite directions and hinder rather than facilitate new learning, it results in negative transfer.
- Cognitive Perspective: Option (b) accurately explains this scientific process by highlighting how existing structural similarities clash with opposing demands in a new context, causing cognitive interference.
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