Transfer of Learning, Curve & Plateau
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Regarding the 'Transfer of Learning', which of the following statements is most appropriate and true concerning the scientific and philosophical differences between the 'Theory of Identical Elements' proposed by American psychologist E.L. Thorndike and the 'Theory of Generalization' proposed by Charles Judd?
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Detailed Explanation
Explanation of Transfer of Learning Theories
According to E.L. Thorndike's 'Theory of Identical Elements', learning in one situation helps in another only when certain elements (such as knowledge, habits, or skills) are common to both situations.
In contrast, according to Charles Judd's 'Theory of Generalization', the transfer of learning occurs when a learner understands general principles or rules learned in one situation and applies them intellectually in new situations (e.g., applying the principle of refraction of light in different mediums).
- Thorndike: Focuses on identical components or elements between tasks.
- Judd: Focuses on general principles and conceptual understanding.
Therefore, Option (A) is the most accurate and scientifically valid statement in this context.
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