Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the comparative analysis of the 'Variable-Ratio Schedule' and 'Fixed-Interval Schedule' among the 'Schedules of Reinforcement' proposed under B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning Theory', and their relationship with students' learning persistence and resistance to extinction in classroom instruction?
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Detailed Explanation
Explanation
In B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning, schedules of reinforcement play a crucial role in determining the rate and stability of learning. Under a Variable-Ratio Schedule, reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable or changing average number of responses (e.g., slot machines).
Psychological experiments have proven that this schedule produces the highest rate of response among all schedules and exhibits the greatest Resistance to Extinction because the learner never knows when the next reinforcement will occur.
- Variable-Ratio: High, steady response rate; highly resistant to extinction.
- Fixed-Interval: Results in a 'scallop effect' where responses increase as the fixed time approaches and drop right after reinforcement.
Therefore, option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid statement.
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