Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, regarding the real psychological implications of 'Positive Reinforcement', 'Negative Reinforcement', and 'Schedules of Reinforcement' (such as interval and ratio schedules) and their scientific management for the stabilization of desired student behavior, extinction control, and intrinsic motivation in classroom teaching, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory:
- Positive Reinforcement: Increases the frequency of a desired behavior by presenting a favorable stimulus.
- Negative Reinforcement: Strengthens the probability of a desired response by removing or escaping from an adverse or unpleasant stimulus.
- Difference from Punishment: There is a clear distinction between negative reinforcement and punishment. Punishment aims to decrease or eliminate behavior, whereas negative reinforcement promotes and strengthens appropriate behavior.
- Schedules of Reinforcement: Partial or intermittent reinforcement schedules make learning more permanent and build resistance to extinction compared to continuous reinforcement.
Therefore, Option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid psychological statement.
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