Under the concept of Child-Centric Education, which of the following characteristics is most aligned with the views of John Dewey, the philosopher of 'Progressive Education'?

📌 Core Theoretical Concept:

Under the framework of child-centric and progressive education championed by philosopher John Dewey, education is viewed not as a passive absorption of facts, but as an active, continuous process of reconstructing experience. Dewey strongly advocated for 'Learning by Doing' and experiential learning, emphasizing that schools should function as a miniature society where children engage in real-world problem solving, cooperative inquiry, and critical thinking. Option (b) perfectly aligns with this philosophy because it places practical life experiences, inquiry, and active learner participation at the core of the educational process.

📊 Key Exam Points:

• John Dewey is recognized as the father of the Progressive Education movement, pioneering the establishment of laboratory schools.
• Core components of Dewey's philosophy include active participation, reflective thinking, and democratic living within the classroom.
• Options (a) and (c) describe authoritarian, teacher-centric models characterized by rigid curricula and rote memorization, which contradict progressive values.
• Option (d) promotes rote learning, which is explicitly rejected by modern pedagogical standards such as NCF-2005 and child-centered frameworks.