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Piaget Vygotsky Theories of learning NEP 2020 Inclusive education CCE
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8,102 results

Under Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, 'Rationalization' is an Ego Defense Mechanism where an individual invents logical, intellectual, and socially acceptable excuses to conceal failures, unacceptable desires, frustrations, or wrongdoings in…

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Adjustment & Defence Mechanisms
1,252 views asked 3 months ago

According to Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Theory of Motivation or 'Hierarchy of Needs', the concept of 'Self-Actualization'—whereby an individual is continuously motivated to achieve their full potential, creative possibilities, inner talents,…

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Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
2,378 views asked 3 months ago

Under Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory, the stage of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' occurs during adolescence where young individuals engage in serious self-reflection, experimentation, and the search for an independent…

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Erik Erikson
3,269 views asked 3 months ago

In the neuro-cognitive context of the 'Humanistic Theory of Motivation', regarding the interrelationship between Abraham Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs' (from physiological/safety needs to self-actualization), its neuro-biological aspects, the homeostatic regulation,…

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Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
3,652 views asked 3 months ago

In the neuro-cognitive context of the 'Trait Theory of Personality', regarding the neuro-biological nature of traits proposed by Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck (such as Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness from…

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Personality: Theories & Types
1,941 views asked 3 months ago

Under Carl Rogers' Humanistic Learning Theory, the concept of 'Experiential Learning'—where learning becomes meaningful and transformative when the learner actively participates in a direct, real, and problem-oriented situation, connects subject…

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Motivation
4,351 views asked 3 months ago

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, under the 'Post-Conventional Morality' stage, the 'Social Contract and Individual Rights' orientation involves individuals evaluating laws and rules not as rigid and…

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Moral & Character Development
3,412 views asked 3 months ago

Under Edward Thorndike's 'Connectionism or Trial and Error Theory', the concept of the 'Law of Readiness' states that when the nervous system is fully prepared to act, doing so is…

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Thorndike: Trial and Error
2,863 views asked 3 months ago

Under Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Development, the concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD)—which encompasses the gap between the actual developmental level (what a child can do independently)…

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Lev Vygotsky
2,928 views asked 3 months ago

Under David Ausubel's 'Meaningful Verbal Learning Theory', the concept of the 'Advance Organizer'—where a high-level, inclusive, and broader introductory content is presented before introducing the main learning material or new…

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Memory & Forgetting
1,201 views asked 3 months ago

Under Robert Gagné's 'Conditions of Learning' (Hierarchy of Learning), the concept of the highest level of learning, namely 'Problem Solving Learning'—wherein the learner utilizes internal cognitive processes and thinking to…

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Cognitive Development
3,464 views asked 3 months ago

Under Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory (later termed Social Cognitive Theory), the concept of 'Self-Efficacy' refers to an individual's personal belief and evaluation of their own capabilities to achieve success…

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Albert Bandura
1,475 views asked 3 months ago

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the sixth and final stage within the Post-Conventional Morality Level—known as the Universal Ethical Principle Orientation—involves individuals following social rules or laws…

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Moral & Character Development
3,223 views asked 3 months ago

Under Jerome Bruner's Cognitive Theory of Instruction, the concept of 'Discovery Learning'—where learners are encouraged to explore facts, formulate hypotheses, and construct knowledge themselves through their environment, data, and activities…

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Jerome Bruner
3,147 views asked 3 months ago

According to Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Theory of Motivation, also known as the Hierarchy of Needs Theory, the highest level of need is 'Self-Actualization', where an individual is motivated to fully…

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Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
1,216 views asked 3 months ago

According to B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, the concept of 'Shaping'—whereby instead of achieving a complex or new desired behavior all at once, successive approximations moving toward the goal…

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Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
2,881 views asked 3 months ago

According to B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, the concept of 'Shaping' or the 'Method of Successive Approximations' involves breaking down a complex, novel, or undesired behavior into small, progressive…

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Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
2,211 views asked 3 months ago

According to Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the concept of 'Naturalistic Intelligence'—which involves the high capacity…

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Gardner: Multiple Intelligences
1,358 views asked 3 months ago

Under Kurt Lewin's Field Theory of Learning, the concept of 'Life Space' ($L = f(P, E)$)—which posits that an individual's current behavior is the result of the reciprocal interaction between…

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Emotional Development
4,730 views asked 3 months ago

Under Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Theory, the concepts of 'Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery'—where the gradual weakening and cessation of the Conditioned Response (CR) upon repeated presentation of the Conditioned Stimulus…

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Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
3,613 views asked 3 months ago