Piaget Vygotsky Theories of learning NEP 2020 Inclusive education CCE

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Child Development & Pedagogy (CDP) — Questions, Explanations & Mock Tests

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Under David Ausubel's Theory of Meaningful Verbal Learning, an extremely important educational concept—the 'Advance Organizer'—is introduced before presenting main learning material or a new lesson, serving as a cognitive bridge…

Constructivism & Other Learning Theories Inclusive Education

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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the actual psychological implications of the branching programmed instruction—also known as intrinsic programmed instruction—proposed by Norman Crowder,…

Diagnostic & Remedial Teaching Diagnostic and Remedial

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According to Abraham Maslow's 'Theory of Human Motivation / Hierarchy of Needs', the highest level of need—'Self-Actualization', where an individual strives to recognize and develop their full potential, talent, creativity,…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism Maslow Motivation Personality

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Under B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, a highly effective teaching technique—'Token Economy in Behavior Modification'—is utilized where students are awarded tokens (such as points, stars, or coupons) for exhibiting…

Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Skinner

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According to Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, 'Egocentrism' is a key characteristic of the Pre-operational Stage where a child assumes that other people see, hear, and feel exactly as…

Jean Piaget Piaget

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Under Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, the highly significant and central concept of 'Self-Efficacy' is defined as an individual's personal and cognitive belief in their own capabilities to organize and…

Albert Bandura Bandura

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According to John Dewey's theory of 'Progressive Education' and 'Learning by Doing', 'Reflective Thinking' involves a learner actively, persistently, and carefully considering any belief or supposed form of knowledge in…

Child-centred & Active Learning

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Under Urie Bronfenbrenner's 'Ecological Systems Theory', the outermost level—the 'Macrosystem'—encompasses the cultural value systems, economy, laws, political ideologies, and cultural beliefs of a society that directly or indirectly deeply influence…

Other Theorists (Gesell, Bronfenbrenner, Bowlby…)

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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the actual psychological implications of Howard Gardner's 'Naturalistic Intelligence' (under the Theory of Multiple Intelligences)—which includes high…

Gardner: Multiple Intelligences Gardner

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Under Jerome Bruner's Theory of Cognitive Development, the final and highest stage of representation is the 'Symbolic Stage', where children develop a high capacity to use language, mathematical symbols, signs,…

Cognitive Development Bruner

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According to Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, the 'Ego' is a crucial structural component of personality that operates on the reality principle. It balances the impulsive demands of the pleasure-seeking 'Id'…

Sigmund Freud Freud Personality

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Under David Kolb's 'Experiential Learning Cycle', the process from 'Concrete Experience to Active Experimentation'—whereby the learner first gains direct experience, then observes and reflects conceptually, subsequently constructs abstract concepts, and…

Cognitive Development

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Under Edward Thorndike's 'Trial and Error Theory', the 'Law of Readiness' states that when a nervous system is ready to conduct and is allowed to do so, it is satisfied,…

Thorndike: Trial and Error Thorndike Heredity and Environment

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Under Carl Rogers' Humanistic Approach and Person-Centered Education, the concept of 'Experiential Learning' emphasizes real-life problems, personal curiosity, and direct participation, connecting knowledge to the student's own feelings and desires.…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism

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Under Norman Crowder's 'Branching Programmed Instruction' (also known as Intrinsic Programming), the concept of the 'Diagnostic and Remedial Branching Mechanism'—where immediate diagnosis of a learner's knowledge gaps occurs based on…

Diagnostic & Remedial Teaching Diagnostic and Remedial Skinner

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Under Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, 'Animism' is a major characteristic found in the Preoperational Stage, where a child attributes life, emotions, and consciousness to inanimate objects (such as…

Jean Piaget Piaget

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Under John Bowlby's Attachment Theory, 'Insecure-Resistant / Ambivalent Attachment' refers to a pattern where infants display intense proximity-seeking toward their primary caregiver, yet upon the caregiver's return, exhibit mixed and…

Emotional Development Heredity and Environment

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Under Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, the 'Chronosystem' incorporates socio-historical events, technological shifts, and major life transitions over time. Which of the following psychological statements is most scientifically valid regarding…