Piaget Vygotsky Theories of learning NEP 2020 Inclusive education CCE

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Child Development & Pedagogy (CDP) — Questions, Explanations & Mock Tests

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Under David Kolb's 'Experiential Learning Cycle', specifically the process from 'Concrete Experience to Active Experimentation', what is the most authentic and scientifically valid psychological statement regarding the concept of 'Reflective…

Cognitive Development Measurement and Evaluation

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Under Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the concept of 'Social Contract and Individual Rights' (Stage 5) within the Post-Conventional Morality Level—where an individual views laws and rules not as…

Moral & Character Development Kohlberg

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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the real psychological implications of Abraham Maslow's 'Self-Actualization' concept—situated at the apex of the 'Hierarchy of Needs'…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism Maslow Motivation Heredity and Environment

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Under Carl Rogers' Humanistic Learning Theory, the concept of 'Experiential Learning'—where learning occurs when students integrate personal curiosity, self-motivation, and direct experiences into the educational process, and the teacher acts…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism

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According to Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the dynamic balance among the three structural components of personality—Id, Ego,…

Adjustment & Defence Mechanisms Freud Personality

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Under Lev Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory, the concept of 'Scaffolding'—whereby a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) or teacher initially provides a high level of temporary support to a learner within their Zone…

Lev Vygotsky Vygotsky Bruner

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According to Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, the concept of 'Self-Efficacy' within Observational Learning/Modeling refers to an individual's personal belief in their capability to successfully execute and manage behaviors in…

Albert Bandura Bandura

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Under B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, the concept of 'Intermittent or Partial Reinforcement Schedules'—where rewards are provided after a fixed or variable time interval or number of responses rather…

Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Skinner

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Under Robert Gagné's 'Conditions of Learning' hierarchy, the highest level of learning—namely 'Problem Solving Learning' (Type 8)—involves learners using previously acquired rules, principles, and skills to create or combine internal…

Creativity Memory and Forgetting

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Under Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory, within the stage of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' (Adolescence, roughly 12 to 18 years), the concept of 'Psychosocial Moratorium' allows society to grant youth…

Erik Erikson Erikson Adolescence Heredity and Environment

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Under Jerome Bruner's Cognitive Learning Theory, the concept of 'Discovery Learning'—where instead of being fed pre-made materials, learners are provided a rich environment to discover concepts, rules, and principles themselves…

Jerome Bruner Bruner

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Under John Bowlby's Attachment Theory, the concept of 'Insecure-Resistant Attachment' (or Ambivalent Attachment)—where infants display clinging behavior toward their primary caregiver, yet upon their return exhibit ambivalent and contradictory emotional…

Adjustment & Defence Mechanisms

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Under the 'Insight Learning / Gestalt Theory' propounded by Gestalt psychologists Max Wertheimer, Koffka, and Köhler, the concept of the 'Aha! Experience'—whereby a learner, while analyzing a problem, perceives its…

Gestalt & Insight Learning

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Under Edward Thorndike's Connectionism or Trial and Error Theory, the concept of the 'Law of Effect'—where satisfying outcomes or rewards strengthen a response with a stimulus, while unsatisfactory or painful…

Thorndike: Trial and Error Thorndike

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Under Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the final stage within the Post-Conventional Morality Level—namely, the Universal Ethical Principle Orientation (Stage 6), where an individual makes moral decisions based on…

Moral & Character Development Kohlberg

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Under Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Theory of Motivation, known as the 'Hierarchy of Needs', the concept at the absolute peak is 'Self-Actualization'—where an individual fully develops and utilizes their entire internal…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism Maslow Heredity and Environment

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Under Carl Rogers' Humanistic Approach and Person-Centered Education, the concept of the 'Fully Functioning Person'—where an individual is completely open to experience, lives existentially, trusts their organism, is creative, and…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism Heredity and Environment

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Under Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytical Theory, 'Regression' is a prominent defense mechanism where an individual (especially children) facing extreme stress, anxiety, frustration, or trauma reverts from their current developmental level to…

Adjustment & Defence Mechanisms Freud

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According to Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, the concept of 'Triadic Reciprocal Causation' (or Reciprocal Determinism) explains human functioning and behavior as the result of a continuous, bidirectional, and dynamic…