Piaget Vygotsky Theories of learning NEP 2020 Inclusive education CCE

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Child Development & Pedagogy (CDP) — Questions, Explanations & Mock Tests

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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the actual psychological implications of Norman Crowder's 'Intrinsic Diagnostic Loop' within Branching Programmed Instruction—which directs the learner…

Diagnostic & Remedial Teaching Diagnostic and Remedial Skinner

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Under Carl Rogers' Humanistic Learning Theory, the concept of 'Experiential Learning'—where learning becomes meaningful and transformative when the learner actively participates in a direct, real, and problem-oriented situation, connects subject…

Motivation Motivation Personality

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Under Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory, the stage of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' occurs during adolescence where young individuals engage in serious self-reflection, experimentation, and the search for an independent…

Erik Erikson Erikson Adolescence Heredity and Environment

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Under David Ausubel's 'Meaningful Verbal Learning Theory', the concept of the 'Advance Organizer'—whereby a high-level, inclusive, and abstract instructional framework or introductory material is presented to learners before introducing the…

Jean Piaget Inclusive Education

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Under B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, the concept of 'Shaping'—whereby a complex, novel, or undesired behavior is gradually transformed into a desired target behavior through reinforcement using the rule of…

Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Skinner

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According to Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Theory of Motivation or 'Hierarchy of Needs', the concept of 'Self-Actualization'—whereby an individual is continuously motivated to achieve their full potential, creative possibilities, inner talents,…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism Maslow Motivation Personality Heredity and Environment

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Under Robert Gagne's Conditions of Learning, the concept of 'Problem-Solving Learning'—where learners integrate previously acquired rules, principles, and skills to discover a novel solution or rule in a new, complex,…

Cognitive Development

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Under Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, 'Rationalization' is an Ego Defense Mechanism where an individual invents logical, intellectual, and socially acceptable excuses to conceal failures, unacceptable desires, frustrations, or wrongdoings in…

Adjustment & Defence Mechanisms Freud

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Under Daniel Goleman's Theory of Emotional Intelligence, the concept of 'Self-Regulation'—where an individual demonstrates the high-level mental capacity to control disruptive emotions and impulses, adapt to changing circumstances, maintain integrity…

Emotional Development Goleman Emotional Intelligence

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According to Jerome Bruner's Cognitive Learning Theory, under the 'Symbolic Stage'—in which a child learns to use words, language, mathematical symbols, and abstract signs to mentally represent objects or experiences,…

Jerome Bruner Bruner

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According to John Dewey's theory of Progressive Education and Experiential Learning, the concept of 'Reflective Thinking / Inquiry-based Learning'—where learners actively construct hypotheses when facing a doubtful or real-life problem,…

Child-centred & Active Learning

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Under Carl Rogers' Humanistic Learning Theory, the concept of 'Experiential Learning'—where learners integrate cognitive knowledge and practical experiences to acquire knowledge independently through personal curiosity, emotions, and direct life experiences,…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism Heredity and Environment

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Under Norman Crowder's 'Branching Programed Instruction' (intrinsic programming), the concept of 'Diagnostic and Remedial Branching' directs the learner to a distinct and specific remedial path or sequence based on each…

Diagnostic & Remedial Teaching Diagnostic and Remedial

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Under David Ausubel's Meaningful Verbal Learning Theory, the concept of the 'Advance Organizer'—where a high-level, inclusive, and abstract instructional framework is provided just before presenting new, complex, and detailed content,…

Memory & Forgetting Inclusive Education Memory and Forgetting

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Under Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, the concept of 'Self-Efficacy'—which involves an individual's personal belief in their own capabilities and skill levels to achieve success in a specific task or…

Albert Bandura Bandura

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Under Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, the Formal Operational Stage (spanning roughly from 11 years to adulthood) is characterized by the development of abstract thinking, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, scientific thinking,…

Cognitive Development Piaget Measurement and Evaluation

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Under B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, the concept of 'Positive Reinforcement'—where presenting a pleasant, favorable, or encouraging stimulus (such as praise, reward, or encouragement) immediately following a specific desired…

Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Skinner Motivation

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Under Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, the concept of the 'Microsystem' encompasses the immediate environment and direct relationships (such as family, peer groups, school, and teachers) with which the developing…

Other Theorists (Gesell, Bronfenbrenner, Bowlby…)

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Under Robert Gagné's 'Conditions of Learning' (Hierarchy of Learning), the highest level conceptualized as 'Problem-Solving Learning'—where the learner utilizes previously acquired rules, principles, and concepts to find a logical and…

Learning: Meaning, Nature & Types Measurement and Evaluation

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According to Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Theory of Motivation (Hierarchy of Needs), the concept of 'Self-Actualization'—where an individual is motivated to achieve their highest potential, personal possibilities, creativity, and highest level…

Maslow, Rogers & Humanism Maslow Motivation

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