Moral & Character Development
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With reference to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, consider the following stages and their characteristics:
- 1. Under the 'Social Contract and Individual Rights' stage belonging to 'Post-conventional Morality', an individual believes that rules and laws are flexible contracts for the welfare of society, and if a law goes against human rights or the greater interests of society, it can be modified.
- 2. In the 'Good Boy-Good Girl' orientation belonging to 'Conventional Morality', the child's main objective is to gain approval in the eyes of others and appear socially 'good' so that they can live up to the expectations of others.
- 3. According to Kohlberg's theory, all adults and adolescents certainly reach the highest stage of 'Universal Ethical Principles', as this is an inevitable and final result of biological maturation.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: In the 'Social Contract and Individual Rights' orientation of Kohlberg's post-conventional level, a person understands that laws are made for social welfare and should be changed if unjust. Statement 2 is correct: In the conventional level's 'Good Boy-Good Girl' stage, a person is motivated to gain approval from others and meet social expectations. Statement 3 is incorrect because, according to Kohlberg, not all individuals reach universal ethical principles (the final stage); this stage is achieved by very few people.
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