Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, a central concept is 'Shaping'—defined as the method of successive approximations, wherein a complex, novel, or desired target behavior is gradually developed by reinforcing successive steps. Regarding its psychological implications and scientific application in classroom teaching for complex skill development and habit formation, which of the following statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Skinner's Shaping Concept
According to B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, Shaping (or method of successive approximations) is a technique where desired behaviors are molded by reinforcing incremental steps that lead closer to the target behavior.
- Successive Approximations: Breaking down complex behaviors into smaller, manageable steps.
- Positive Reinforcement: Rewarding each progressive step to encourage the learner toward the final goal.
- Classroom Application: Highly effective for teaching complex academic skills like writing, reading, or advanced mathematical problem-solving.
Therefore, option B accurately defines the scientific mechanism of shaping in educational psychology.
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