Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, a highly significant and central concept is 'Shaping', which is defined as the method of successive approximations where, instead of establishing a complex, novel, or desired behavior directly at once, the desired complex behavior or response is gradually shaped by providing reinforcement to every small and successive step moving toward the target behavior. Regarding the actual psychological implications of shaping and the scientific management of complex skill acquisition, behavior modification, and instructional design for students in the classroom, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Skinner's Shaping Concept
In Child Development and Pedagogy (CDP), B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory highlights 'Shaping' as a core concept, also known as the Method of Successive Approximations.
- Mechanism: Instead of expecting a complex behavior immediately, shaping involves reinforcing successive steps that progressively approximate the final desired behavior.
- Application: Teachers use this technique by providing positive reinforcement for incremental progress, successfully guiding learners toward complex skill acquisition.
Therefore, Option (b) is the most accurate and scientifically valid statement regarding the psychological process of shaping.
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